![]() However, while results have been promising, there have been a limited number of ways to create these dECM scaffolds, which have been limited to powders, sheets, and weak hydrogels. The dECM scaffolds serve as a physical structure that supports macrophage and progenitor cell infiltration as well as contains a reservoir of growth factors, extracellular vesicles (e.g., matrix-bound nanovesicles), and other pro-regenerative biomolecules that drive skeletal muscle growth, vascularization, and reinnervation. This has been demonstrated in vivo ranging from small and large preclinical animal models all the way through early human clinical trials. Recent work has shown that decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds can be used to improve tissue regeneration, such as in volumetric muscle loss (VML), by modulating the immune response to promote constructive healing. Regenerative medicine provides a potential solution to these large-volume soft tissue defects by augmenting the body's own capacity to repair itself. Further, in the context of severe trauma associated with combat-related injuries, a viable donor site may not be available. In some cases an autologous tissue graft can be performed, but this approach is generally accompanied by donor site morbidity, loss of function, and potential graft failure. For example, up to 53% of battlefield injuries involve soft tissue extremities and millions of reconstructive procedures are done annually for traumatic and oncologic resection related to muscle damage. These injuries are often too large to heal normally on their own, resulting in scar formation, a decrease in patient quality of life due to significant functional loss, and a large financial burden on the healthcare system. Large-volume soft tissue injuries to skin, fat, muscle, and other connective tissues can occur from trauma, tumor resection, and other surgical procedures. Together these advancements represent a step towards an improved, clinically translatable, patient-specific treatment for soft tissue defects from trauma, tumor resection, and other surgical procedures. Finally, this approach is extended to a human VML injury to demonstrate the fabrication of clinically relevant dECM scaffolds with precise control over fiber alignment and micro-architecture. Quantitative analysis shows that these dECM patches are dimensionally accurate and conformally adapt to the surface of complex wounds. Here, a process to use freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting and computed tomography (CT) imaging to build large volume, patient-specific dECM patches (≈12 × 8 × 2 cm) for implantation into canine VML wound models is developed. 3D bioprinting is uniquely positioned to address this, being able to create patient-specific scaffolds based on clinical 3D imaging data. This provides a potential solution for functional tissue regeneration, however, these acellular dECM scaffolds are challenging to fabricate into complex geometries. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds placed into these wounds have shown the ability to modulate the immune response and drive constructive healing. ![]() BS 333 0 R/CreationDate (D:20161117152406Z)/DA (33 TL /Cour 24 Tf)/DS (font: Helvetica 24.Soft tissue injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) are often too large to heal normally on their own, resulting in scar formation and functional deficits. Appendix 4)/Rect/Subj (Typewritten Text)/Subtype/FreeText/Type/Annot/T (theresa baker_4)> ![]()
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